September 10, 2025

What Is the Reggio Emilia Approach? (Beginner’s Guide + Free Downloads)

New to the Reggio Emilia approach? This guide explains what it is, why it works in early childhood, and how to start in infant & toddler centers, preschools, or at home. You’ll see core principles, real classroom examples, and two free downloads—a Learning Story Template and How to Set Up Your Reggio-Inspired Classroom—so you can make changes today without an overhaul.

Rooted in respect, collaboration, and creativity, Reggio Emilia is a philosophy that views children as capable, curious learners. Below: the history and core ideas (image of the child, environment as the third teacher, documentation, the hundred languages), a quick Reggio vs. Montessori vs. Waldorf comparison, and a simple 7-step plan to get started.

In this Guide: Principles · History · Environment (Third Teacher) · Classroom Examples Documentation Examples · Reggio vs. Montessori vs. Waldorf · How to Start · FAQs. · Next Steps

What Is the Reggio Emilia Approach?

The Reggio Emilia approach is an early-childhood philosophy from Reggio Emilia, Italy, that is child-led, inquiry-based, and rooted in relationships. It views children as competent, resourceful, and naturally driven to learn; adults act as partners, co-learners, and guides—not lecturers.

Designed primarily for infants, toddlers, and preschoolers, Reggio is progressive and child-centered (like Montessori) but it is not a scripted curriculum. Instead, teachers co-construct learning through emergent projects, ongoing documentation of thinking, and the environment as the third teacher.

In practice, classrooms look and feel different: light-filled spaces, natural and open-ended materials, collaborative project work, and visible documentation that honors children’s voices and ideas.

Core Principles of the Reggio Emilia Approach

Most Reggio-inspired classrooms share these principles:

  • Image of the Child (competent, capable): Children are active protagonists in their learning—curious, resourceful, and able to construct knowledge through play and inquiry. Learn more →

  • Environment as the Third Teacher: Intentionally designed spaces (light, order, access, natural/open-ended materials) invite exploration and independence. Learn more →

  • Documentation (visible learning): Photos, transcripts, work samples, and teacher reflections make thinking visible and guide next steps in the emergent curriculum. See examples →

  • Hundred Languages of Children: Children express ideas through many modalities—art, movement, construction, storytelling, digital media—and each “language” is valued. Learn more →

  • Collaboration & Relationships: Learning grows in relationship—among children, teachers, families, and the wider community—through dialogue, co-research, and shared projects.

  • Emergent Curriculum & Project Work: Teachers observe interests, design provocations, and extend inquiries into collaborative projects tied to developmental goals and standards. See examples →

A Short History of Reggio Emilia (Malaguzzi & Post-War Roots)

The Reggio Emilia approach began in the small town of Reggio Emilia, Italy, after the devastation of World War II.

When the community came together to rebuild, they decided to start with the children. A young teacher, Loris Malaguzzi, helped shape a new philosophy of education. He believed children learn best through exploration, relationships, and real-world problem solving.

This constructivist approach emphasized that learning is not about memorization, but about discovery. Reggio Emilia schools became places where creativity, collaboration, and critical thinking flourished — and today, they’ve inspired educators worldwide.

Environment as the Third Teacher (Checklist + Free Guide)

In Reggio Emilia, the environment as the third teacher means your space teaches alongside you—inviting exploration, independence, and calm focus. Think intentional design over decorations: light, order, access, and materials that evolve with children’s interests.

What this looks like in practice

  • Natural light and warm lamps; reduce visual noise.

  • Child-height access: open shelving, clear labels, simple displays.

  • Flexible zones: making • building • quiet/reflection that you can reconfigure.

  • Mirrors and transparent materials to play with light and perspective.

  • Respectful displays of children’s work and words at their eye level.

  • A small documentation corner (clipboard, printer/photo strip, quotes) that guides tomorrow’s setup.

Grab our free How to Set Up Your Reggio-Inspired Classroom—a quick checklist and room-by-room ideas (lighting, flow, materials, documentation spots, and simple provocations) so you can make changes today without an overhaul. [Download the free PDF].

Reggio-Inspired Environments Around the World

Explore Reggio-Inspired classrooms from around the world. This growing gallery celebrates thoughtful environments where the approach comes to life. Want to be featured? Email your photos and a brief description to info@reggio-inspired.com

EXPLORE REGGIO-INSPIRED ENVIRONMENTS

Reggio-Inspired Classroom Examples: What It Looks Like in Practice

In Reggio practice, provocations are open-ended setups with thoughtfully chosen materials, rooted in the class’s interests and free of predetermined outcomes—inviting children to lead, test ideas, and surprise us. Invitations are still open and exploratory, but they’re more intentionally tied to a theme or goal, offering a gentle prompt or direction (e.g., mirrors and art supplies during an identity study). In short: with provocations, teachers stage and step back; with invitations, teachers gently steer and scaffold. For a deeper dive (with examples and setup tips), read our full guide: What Are Reggio Provocations? A Beginner’s Guide with Examples.

Below are examples from Roots & Wings, a Reggio-inspired Preschool:


Light & Shadow Provocation

Materials: Cardboard box, white tissue/tracing paper, tape, flashlight or small lamp, animal figurines/silhouette cutouts, clip/stand to prop the light, darkened space.

Setup: Tape tissue paper over the box opening to make a “screen.” Turn off the lights and aim the flashlight through the back/side of the box.

What we observed: Children positioned animals behind the screen, experimented with moving them closer/farther to change size, and began narrating scenes. Roles emerged (light operator, puppeteers, audience), and the exploration evolved into a full shadow-play performance.

Teacher language:

  • “What changed when you moved the animal closer to the light?”

  • “How could we make two characters talk to each other?”

  • “Who wants to be the light operator for the next scene?”

  • “What else could become a character if we trace its shadow?”


Potions (Provocation)

Materials: Baking soda, vinegar, water, a little dish soap, food coloring, droppers/pipettes, small jars or beakers, funnels, measuring spoons/cups, trays, stir sticks, towels/smocks, optional scents (lemon, vanilla) and biodegradable glitter/confetti.

What we observed: Children mixed, measured, and compared “recipes,” noticing that vinegar + baking soda made fizz, and adding a drop of soap created taller, longer-lasting foam. They experimented with order and amounts, discovered new colors, named their potions, and began recording steps so they could recreate favorites.

Teacher language:

  • “Tell me about your recipe—what did you add first?”

  • “What changed when you used more vinegar? Less baking soda?”

  • “What do you predict will happen if we add the soap before the vinegar?”

  • “How could we write or draw your steps so you can make this potion again?”


Self-Portraits (Invitation)

Materials: Individual printed photo of each child, tabletop mirrors, drawing paper or sketchbooks, pencils/erasers, fine-tip markers, a range of skin-tone crayons/colored pencils/watercolors, clipboards/easels, name labels.

Setup: Place each child’s photo beside a mirror at their seat. Offer a curated palette of skin, hair, and eye tones.

Invitation: “Look closely at yourself in the mirror and at your photo. What shapes, lines, and colors tell your story? Draw a self-portrait that shows how you see yourself today.”

What we observed: Children toggled between the mirror and photo, noticing proportion (eye line halfway down the face), unique details (freckles, curls, glasses), and subtle changes in expression. Many mixed or layered colors to match their skin and hair, added backgrounds or favorite objects, titled their work, and shared identity-rich narratives with peers.

Teacher language:

  • “What shapes do you notice in your face—oval, circles, triangles?”

  • “How could you layer colors to match your skin or hair?”

  • “What expression do you want to show, and how will you draw it?”

  • “Would you like to add a title or a sentence about your portrait?”

Bakery Shop (Provocation)

Materials: Playdough (plain + scented/cocoa/cinnamon), rolling pins, pastry cutters, cookie stamps, muffin tins, cupcake liners, baking trays, spatulas, measuring cups/spoons, timers, aprons/chef hats, oven mitts, clipboards/order pads, pencils, play money/cash register, small boxes/bags for “to-go,” chalkboard/whiteboard for menu, table signs, trays/display stands.

Setup: Children were naturally transporting playdough to the kitchen, so we relocated the playdough station into Dramatic Play and stocked it with bakery tools. We added zones—Prep Counter, Oven, Display Case, Register—and added a blank menu board and order pads. On the first day, I rolled out the dough and did a couple examples with the cookie cutters as a provocation.

What we observed: Children loved this provocation and they played with it for several weeks! They naturally chose roles (bakers, cashiers, customers, delivery), kneaded and rolled “dough,” and invented recipes. They wrote menus, took special orders, used timers for “baking,” set prices, counted change, packaged items, and hosted a grand opening for families. Literacy (labels, tickets, receipts), math (measuring, pricing, counting), and social negotiation (turn-taking, problem-solving) all emerged.

Teacher language:

  • “What will you name your bakery? How will customers know what you sell?”

  • “How much does a cookie cost?

  • “Who will take orders and who will work the oven? How will you switch jobs?”

  • “Can we write your recipe so you can make it again tomorrow?”


Geode Science Experiment (Invitation)

Materials: Clean dry eggshell halves, white glue (thin coat), alum or borax powder, very hot water (adult-handled), food coloring, jars/cups, spoons, trays, magnifiers, labels.

Invitation: “Let’s mix a ‘crystal potion’ (a supersaturated solution) and paint the eggshells. What do you predict will happen as the water cools and evaporates?”

What we observed: Children coated shells, mixed colored solutions, and waited. By the next day, tiny crystals formed; over several days they grew into sparkling “geodes.” Children compared sizes and colors, noticed faster growth in warmer spots, and recorded daily changes with drawings.

Teacher language:

  • “What changed since yesterday? Where do you see the first crystals?”

  • “How might adding more alum/borax—or changing the temperature—affect the growth?”

  • “What could we do to grow larger crystals next time?”

Documentation: Making Learning Visible (Free Learning Story Template)

In Reggio-inspired classrooms, documentation is how we study learning—not just display it. We observe, listen, and collect evidence (photos, quotes, work samples) to understand children’s thinking and plan what comes next. Done well, documentation guides the emergent curriculum, strengthens home–school partnerships, and helps children see themselves as capable learners.

What meaningful documentation includes

  • Photos that show process (setup → trial → revision), not just the final product

  • Children’s words (short quotes/transcripts) that reveal thinking and questions

  • Teacher reflection that interprets the learning and proposes next steps

  • Work samples (drawings, plans, labels) connected to the inquiry

  • A guiding question or focus that ties the panel/story together

Learning Stories (our favorite tool)

Learning Stories are short narratives that capture a meaningful moment for an individual child, connect it to learning goals, and propose next steps. They’re powerful because they are personal, readable, and invite family voice.

How to write one (5 steps):

  1. Notice a moment worth capturing (perseverance, collaboration, problem-solving).

  2. Describe the context and what the child did/said (keep it concrete).

  3. Interpret the learning (“I noticed you tested three designs… you’re developing persistence and spatial reasoning.”).

  4. Plan next steps (materials, questions, provocations you’ll add tomorrow).

  5. Invite family voice (“What are you seeing at home?”).

Free download: Get our Learning Story Template (PDF) with prompts to write your first draft. [Download the Learning Story Template]

Start small this week

  • Capture one photo + one quote each day from any project work.

  • Post a single-panel documentation by Friday with a short teacher reflection and a next step.

  • Use the Learning Story Template for one child; send it home and invite a family note back.

Documentation isn’t about perfect displays; it’s about paying attention and letting that attention shape tomorrow’s environment and invitations.

Documentation: New Horizons Preschool, Australia

Reggio vs. Montessori vs. Waldorf

These approaches are more alike than different: all center the child, hands-on learning, and natural materials. The main differences are in structure—Reggio (inquiry + documentation), Montessori (sequenced materials for mastery), and Waldorf (imagination + rhythm/storytelling). For a deeper breakdown, read our side-by-side Reggio vs. Montessori vs. Waldorf comparison

Reggio Emilia Approach FAQs

  • “Reggio Emilia” refers specifically to the municipal schools in Reggio Emilia, Italy, developed with Loris Malaguzzi. They don’t franchise or accredit programs outside their city. Schools elsewhere are “Reggio-inspired”—they adopt the principles (image of the child, relationships, environment as the third teacher, documentation, the hundred languages) and interpret them in their own context

  • Both honor the child, but they work differently. Reggio Emilia is emergent and collaborative—teachers study children’s interests, design provocations, and document learning to decide what comes next. Montessori uses sequenced, self-correcting materials and an individualized progression toward mastery. In Reggio you’ll see more open-ended materials, group inquiry, and visible thinking panels; in Montessori you’ll see carefully prepared shelves of specific materials and quiet independent work.

  • It’s a philosophy and framework, not a packaged curriculum. Planning is a cycle: observe → interpret → design opportunities → document → reflect. Instead of following a scripted scope and sequence, you co-create learning pathways with children, the environment, and families—aligning projects with developmental goals and standards as you go.

  • Reggio was developed for early childhood (infants through preschool), but many elements adapt beautifully to early elementary. With older children, projects become more sustained, documentation grows more sophisticated, and the atelier expands into media like research, mapping, and digital storytelling—while the core stays the same: relationships, inquiry, and making learning visible. We also think being Reggio-Inspired is a way of life once you know about it!

  • Yes! For the youngest children, Reggio looks like responsive caregiving, calm rhythms, rich sensory play, and simple provocations (light, sound, texture, loose parts). The environment supports secure attachment and exploration—low open shelving, soft materials, mirrors, baskets to fill and empty. Documentation captures tiny discoveries (a new grasp, a repeated sound) and informs next day’s set-up.

  • Documentation is learning made visible—photos, children’s words, work samples, and teacher reflections that help us notice growth and plan next steps.

  • Your space teaches alongside you. Thoughtful light, order, and access invite independence and deep play. Practically, that means child-height materials, clear pathways, flexible zones (making, building, quiet), natural elements, and respectful display of children’s work. The environment is never finished—it evolves with the group’s questions.

  • You can begin with observation and a simple provocation. Use open-ended, low-cost materials: cardboard, fabric, recyclables, clay, blocks, and nature finds (stones, cones, seed pods). Start a one-page documentation habit each week (photo, quote, next step). Small, consistent moves beat big, expensive overhauls!

How to Start: A 7-Step Mini-Plan

If we were getting going, these are the steps we’d follow—really watch and observe what children are drawn to, offer one focused provocation, organize making/building/quiet zones, add loose parts, start a learning story and a simple panel, then reflect together.

  1. Observe Interests for One Week
    Watch for play patterns (schemas), favorite materials, and peer connections. Jot notes and quick photos.

  2. Choose One Provocation
    Choose one provocation. Keep it simple and focused. Your job is to invite curiosity and observe—not to stage a perfect provocation. If it flops, that’s learning; tweak and try again.

  3. Set Up 3 Zones: Making • Building • Quiet
    Define areas with child-sized furniture and clear pathways. Aim for natural light, neutral backdrops, and visible materials.

  4. Add a Materials Basket (Loose Parts List)
    Start with shells, pinecones, cardboard tubes, bottle caps, fabric scraps. Rotate weekly to keep curiosity high.

  5. Write a Learning Story (Use Our Template)
    Capture: What you noticed → What it means → Next steps. Share highlights with families to connect home and school.

  6. Create a simple Documentation Panel (Photo + Quote + Goal)
    Title, child quote, brief teacher reflection, and a learning goal (e.g., collaboration, problem-solving, language).

  7. Hold a 10-Minute Reflection With Children/Parents
    Invite voice and choice: “What did you discover? What should we try next?” Note ideas to guide tomorrow’s planning.

Free Resources & Next Steps

You’ve taken the first step in exploring the Reggio-Inspired approach—now let’s keep the momentum going! Whether you’re a teacher, parent, or homeschooler, these next steps will give you the tools and confidence to bring Reggio principles to life in your own classroom or home.

Start With Our Free Resources

These resources are designed to meet you where you are—giving you practical, beautiful ideas you can start using today.

Dive Deeper With Our Course
When you’re ready for more guidance and step-by-step support, join our Reggio-Inspired Educator’s Course. This comprehensive program—10 professional development hours—takes you from unsure to confident with practical tools, videos, and activities that make implementation clear and inspiring.

No matter where you are in your journey, remember: small steps add up to big change. By setting up thoughtful environments, honoring children’s natural play, and inviting families into the learning process, you’re already creating something powerful. Keep learning, keep experimenting, and keep inspiring!

About the Authors:

Megan Haynes and Priscilla Patti are Reggio-inspired early-childhood educators based in Fort Collins, Colorado. Together they bring decades of classroom practice, environment design, and family partnership to this guide—translating Reggio principles into practical steps teachers and parents can use right away.

Megan Haynes — Reggio-Inspired Educator, Founder of Roots & Wings Preschool (Fort Collins, CO)

Megan has 14+ years in education and is a strong advocate for play-based learning and nature education. She founded Roots & Wings, a Reggio-inspired preschool known for thoughtful environments, collaborative projects, and meaningful relationships. Megan is passionate about creating inspiring learning environments, nurturing children’s play through schemas, and supporting social-emotional development for young children and their families. She lives in Fort Collins with her husband, Derek, and their two children, Stella and Cole.

Priscilla Patti — Reggio-Inspired Educator & Mentor (Fort Collins, CO)

Priscilla has over 4 decades of experience in early childhood education. The Reggio philosophy shapes her work with educators and families, deepening understanding of child development and supporting classrooms where inquiry and relationships lead. She coaches teachers on documentation, project work, and responsive environments. Priscilla lives in Fort Collins with her husband, SJ, and is a delighted grandmother to twins, Grace and Lillian—continuing to experience Reggio principles through a grandparent’s lens.

Questions? Contact us at info@reggio-inspired.com.

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